Mitochondrial Dysfunction Combined with High Calcium Load Leads to Impaired Antioxidant Defense Underlying the Selective Loss of Nigral Dopaminergic Neurons - Université d'Angers Accéder directement au contenu
Article Dans Une Revue Journal of Neuroscience Année : 2020

Mitochondrial Dysfunction Combined with High Calcium Load Leads to Impaired Antioxidant Defense Underlying the Selective Loss of Nigral Dopaminergic Neurons

Konrad Ricke
  • Fonction : Auteur
Thomas Pass
  • Fonction : Auteur
Sammy Kimoloi
  • Fonction : Auteur
Kai Fährmann
  • Fonction : Auteur
Christian Jüngst
  • Fonction : Auteur
Astrid Schauss
  • Fonction : Auteur
Olivier Baris
Marijana Aradjanski
  • Fonction : Auteur
Aleksandra Trifunovic
  • Fonction : Auteur
Therese Eriksson Faelker
  • Fonction : Auteur
Matteo Bergami
  • Fonction : Auteur
Rudolf Wiesner
  • Fonction : Auteur

Résumé

Mitochondrial dysfunction is critically involved in Parkinson's disease, characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons (DaNs) in the substantia nigra (SNc), whereas DaNs in the neighboring ventral tegmental area (VTA) are much less affected. In contrast to VTA, SNc DaNs engage calcium channels to generate action potentials, which lead to oxidant stress by yet unknown pathways. To determine the molecular mechanisms linking calcium load with selective cell death in the presence of mitochondrial deficiency, we analyzed the mitochondrial redox state and the mitochondrial membrane potential in mice of both sexes with genetically induced, severe mitochon-drial dysfunction in DaNs (MitoPark mice), at the same time expressing a redox-sensitive GFP targeted to the mitochondrial matrix. Despite mitochondrial insufficiency in all DaNs, exclusively SNc neurons showed an oxidized redox-system, i.e., a low reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH-GSSG) ratio. This was mimicked by cyanide, but not by rotenone or antimycin A, making the involvement of reactive oxygen species rather unlikely. Surprisingly, a high mitochondrial inner membrane potential was maintained in MitoPark SNc DaNs. Antagonizing calcium influx into the cell and into mitochondria, respectively, rescued the disturbed redox ratio and induced further hyperpolarization of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Our data therefore show that the constant calcium load in SNc DaNs is counterbalanced by a high mitochondrial inner membrane potential, even under conditions of severe mitochondrial dysfunction, but triggers a detrimental imbalance in the mitochondrial redox system, which will lead to neuron death. Our findings thus reveal a new mechanism, redox imbalance, which underlies the differential vulnerability of DaNs to mitochondrial defects.
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Dates et versions

hal-03003248 , version 1 (23-11-2020)

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Konrad Ricke, Thomas Pass, Sammy Kimoloi, Kai Fährmann, Christian Jüngst, et al.. Mitochondrial Dysfunction Combined with High Calcium Load Leads to Impaired Antioxidant Defense Underlying the Selective Loss of Nigral Dopaminergic Neurons. Journal of Neuroscience, 2020, 40 (9), pp.1975-1986. ⟨10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1345-19.2019⟩. ⟨hal-03003248⟩

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