γ‐Aminobutyric acid and related amino acids in plant immune responses: Emerging mechanisms of action
Résumé
The entanglement between primary metabolis m regulatio n and stress responses is a puzzl ing and fascinating theme in plant science s. Among the major me tabolites found in plants, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) fulfils important roles in connecting C and N metabolic fluxes th rough the GABA sh unt. Activation of GABA metabolism is known since long to occur in plant tissues following bioti c stresses, where GABA appears to have substantially different modes of action towards different categories of pathoge ns and pests. While it can harm insects thanks to its inhibitory effect on the neuronal transmission, its capacity to modulate the hypersensitive response in attacked host cells was proven to be crucial for host defences in several pathosystems. In this review, we discuss how plants can employ GABA's versatility to effectively deal with all the major biotic stressors, and how GABA can shape plant immune responses against pathogens by modulating reactive oxygen species balance in invaded plant tissues. Finally, we discuss the connections between GABA and other stress-related amino acids such as BABA (β-aminobutyric acid), glutamate and proline.
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